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Hubble and Webb are the Dream Team. Don’t Break Them Up

Many individuals consider the James Webb Area Telescope as a kind of Hubble 2. They perceive that the Hubble Area Telescope (HST) has served us effectively however is now outdated, and overdue for alternative. NASA appears to agree, as they haven’t despatched a upkeep mission in over fifteen years, and are already getting ready to wind down operations. However a current paper argues that this can be a mistake. Regardless of its age, HST nonetheless performs extraordinarily effectively and continues to provide an avalanche of worthwhile scientific outcomes. And on condition that JWST was by no means designed as a alternative for HST — it’s an infrared (IR) telescope) — we might finest be served by working each telescopes in tandem, to maximise protection of all observations.
Let’s not idiot ourselves: the Hubble Area Telescope (HST) is outdated, and is finally going to fall again to Earth. Though it was designed to be repairable and upgradable, there have been no servicing missions since 2009. These missions relied on the Area Shuttle, which might seize the telescope and supply a working base for astronauts. Servicing missions might final weeks, and solely the Area Shuttle might transport the six astronauts to the telescope and home them throughout the mission.
With out these servicing missions, failing parts can now not get replaced, and the general well being of HST will preserve declining. If nothing is finished, HST will finally cease working altogether. To keep away from it turning into simply one other piece of area junk, plans are already being developed to de-orbit it and ship it crashing into the Pacific Ocean. However that’s no purpose to surrender on it. It nonetheless has as clear a view of the cosmos as ever, and mission scientists are doing a wonderful job of working round technical issues as they come up.
The James Webb Area Telescope was launched into area on Christmas dat in 2021. Its system of foldable hexagonal mirrors give it an efficient diameter some 2.7 occasions bigger than HST, and it’s designed to see down into the mid-IR vary. Inside months of deployment, it had already seen issues that clashed with present fashions of how the Universe fashioned, making a mini-crisis in some fields and main unscrupulous information editors to write down headlines questioning whether or not the “Huge Bang Principle” was beneath menace!

NASA
The explanation JWST was in a position to seize such historic galaxies is that it’s primarily an IR telescope: Because the Universe expands, photons from distant objects get red-shifted till stars that initially shone in seen gentle can now solely be seen within the IR. However these IR views are proving extraordinarily worthwhile in different scientific fields other than cosmology. In reality, lots of the most hanging photographs launched by JWST’s press crew are IR photographs of acquainted objects, revealing hidden complexities that had not been seen earlier than.
It is a key distinction between the 2 telescopes: Whereas HST’s vary overlaps barely with JWST, it could actually see all the best way up into ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths. HST was launched in 1990, seven years late and billions of {dollars} over price range. Its 2.4 meter major ingredient wanted to be one of the exactly floor mirrors ever made, as a result of it was supposed to be diffraction restricted at UV wavelengths. Famously, avoidable issues within the testing course of led to it being very exactly figured to a barely mistaken form, resulting in spherical aberration stopping it from coming to sharp focus.
Fortuitously the telescope was designed from the begin to be serviceable, and even returned to Earth for repairs by the Area Shuttle if vital. In the long run although, NASA opticians had been in a position to design and construct a set of corrective optics to resolve the issue, and the COSTAR system was put in by astronauts on the primary servicing mission. Through the years, NASA despatched up three extra servicing missions, to improve or restore parts, and set up new devices.

HST could possibly be one of the profitable scientific devices ever constructed. Since 1990, it has been the topic of roughly 1200 science press releases, every of which was learn greater than 400 million occasions. The greater than 46,000 scientific papers written utilizing HST information have been cited greater than 900,000 occasions! And even in its present degraded state, it nonetheless supplied information for 1435 papers in 2023 alone.
JWST additionally ran over time and over price range, however had a much more profitable deployment. Regardless of having a a lot bigger mirror, with greater than six occasions the gathering space of HST, your complete observatory solely weighs half as a lot as HST. Due to its larger sensitivity, and the truth that it could actually see historic gentle redshifted into IR wavelengths, it could actually see far deeper into the Universe than HST. It’s these observations, of galaxies fashioned when the Universe was extraordinarily younger (100 – 180 million years), that created such pleasure shortly after it was deployed.
As worthwhile as these telescopes are, they won’t final perpetually. JWST is positioned deep in area, some 1.5 million kilometers from Earth close to the L2 Lagrange level. When it will definitely fails, it’ll turn out to be simply one other piece of Photo voltaic System particles orbiting the Solar within the huge vacancy of the Photo voltaic System. HST, nevertheless, is in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), and suffers very slight quantities of drag from the faint outer reaches of the ambiance. Over time it’ll steadily lose velocity, drifting downwards till it enters the ambiance correct and crashes to Earth. Due to its measurement, it is not going to deplete fully, and huge chunks will smash into the floor.
As a result of it can’t be predicted the place precisely it’ll re-enter, mission planners at all times supposed to seize it with the Area Shuttle and return it to Earth earlier than this occurred. Its closing resting place was alleged to be in show in a museum, however sadly the shuttle program was cancelled. The present plan is to ship up an uncrewed rocket which is able to dock with the telescope (a particular attachment was put in on the ultimate servicing mission for this objective), and deorbit it in a managed manner to make sure that its items land safely within the ocean.
You could find the unique paper at https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.01187
News
L.A. County accidentally undid its anti-incarceration measure. Now what?

Los Angeles County leaders are scrambling to revive a sweeping racial justice initiative that voters by chance repealed, a mistake that would threaten a whole lot of thousands and thousands of {dollars} dedicated to decreasing the variety of folks in jail.
County supervisors unanimously voted Tuesday to ask their lawyers to discover a technique to convey again the poll measure often known as Measure J, which required the county to place a good portion of its funds towards anti-incarceration providers.
Voters discovered last week that they’d unwittingly repealed the landmark legal justice reform, handed in 2020 within the warmth of the Black Lives Matter motion, after they voted for a very unrelated measure to overtake the county authorities final November.
Supervisor Lindsey Horvath, who spearheaded the county overhaul — often known as Measure G — together with Supervisor Janice Hahn, known as it a “colossal fiasco.”
“This example that has unfolded is enraging and unacceptable at each stage. What has transpired is sloppy,” Horvath stated Tuesday. “It’s a bureaucratic catastrophe with actual penalties.”
The county says it’s a number of choices to attempt to get Measure J completely again within the constitution — which dictates how the county is ruled — together with a change in state legislation, a court docket judgment or a poll measure for 2026.
“We can not and we received’t let this error invalidate the desire of the voters,” Hahn stated.
County legal professionals say the error stems from a just lately found “administrative error.”
Final November, voters permitted Measure G, which expands the five-person Board of Supervisors to 9 members and brings on an elected chief govt, amongst different overhauls.
What nobody appeared to comprehend — together with the county legal professionals who write the poll measures — is that one measure would wipe out the opposite.
Measure G rewrote a piece of the constitution with no point out of anti-incarceration funding, successfully wiping out the county’s promise to place a whole lot of thousands and thousands towards providers that maintain folks out of jail and assist them after they depart.
The repeal will take impact in 2028, giving the county three years to repair it.
“I do agree that there’s all types of causes to be outraged, however the sky isn’t falling. Even in case you assume the sky is falling, it received’t fall till December 2028,” stated Rob Quan, who leads a transparency-focused good-government advocacy group. “We’ve received a number of alternatives to repair this.”
The error was first noticed final month by former Duarte Metropolis Councilmember John Fasana, who sits on a process power in control of implementing the county authorities overhaul. The county confirmed the error to The Occasions final week, a day after Fasana publicly raised the difficulty to his unsuspecting fellow process power members.
The measure’s critics say the error provides credence to their arguments that the county overhaul was put collectively too rapidly.
“It appears to be that if one has to return on the poll, it must be [Measure] G,” stated Fasana, noting it handed by a narrower margin.
In any other case, he says, the county has set an unnerving precedent.
“It’s nearly like setting a blueprint to steal an election,” stated Fasana, who opposed each the anti-incarceration funding and the federal government overhaul measures. “You’ve received this technique to mainly nullify one thing that was handed by voters.”
Some fear that placing both measure again on the poll runs the danger of voters rejecting it this time round.
Measure G confronted vital opposition — together with from two sitting supervisors — who argued an elected chief govt can be too highly effective and the measure left an excessive amount of of this new authorities ill-defined. It narrowly handed with simply over 51% of the vote.
The anti-incarceration measure additionally confronted heavy opposition in 2020, significantly from the Assn. for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs, which spent greater than $3.5 million on promoting on TV and social media. The measure handed with 57% of the vote.
A Los Angeles County Superior Court docket decide dominated it unconstitutional after a gaggle of labor unions — together with the sheriff’s deputies union — argued it hampered politicians’ capability to handle taxpayer cash as they see match. An appellate court docket later reversed the choice.
Measure J requires that 10% of regionally generated, unrestricted L.A. County cash be spent on social providers similar to housing, psychological well being remedy and different jail diversion packages. That’s equal to roughly $288 million this fiscal yr. The county is prohibited from spending the cash on the carceral system — prisons, jails or legislation enforcement companies.
Derek Hsieh, the top of the sheriff’s deputies union and a member of the governance reform task force, stated the union had consulted with legal professionals and believed the county would achieve success if it tried to resolve the difficulty by a court docket judgment.
“A change in state legislation or operating one other poll measure — it’s type of like swimming upstream,” he stated. “These are the most costly tough issues.”
Megan Castillo, a coordinator with the Reimagine LA coalition, which pushed for the anti-incarceration measure, stated if the group has to return to the poll, it can attempt to slash the language that it feels provides the county an excessive amount of wiggle room on how funding is allotted. The coalition has clashed repeatedly with county management over simply how a lot cash is definitely meant to be put aside underneath Measure J.
“If we do should go to the poll field, we’re going to be asking for extra,” she stated.
Metropolis Councilmember Eunisses Hernandez, who helped get the anti-incarceration measure on the poll, stated she felt suspicious of the error by county legal professionals, a few of whom she believed have been by no means totally on board with the measure within the first place.
“I simply really feel like they’re too good at their jobs for this error to happen,” stated Hernandez, who stated the information landed like a “slap within the face.”
County leaders have emphasised that the error was purely unintentional and brushed apart considerations that the repeal would have any tangible distinction on what will get funded.
When Measure J was quickly overturned by the court docket, the board promised to hold on with each the “spirit and letter” of the measure, reserving a piece of the funds for providers that maintain folks out of jail and assist these returning. That may nonetheless apply, they are saying, even when Measure J isn’t reinstated.
The movement handed Tuesday directs the county to work on an ordinance to make sure “the continued implementation of measure J” past 2028.

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Mamdani Says He Will ‘Discourage’ the Term ‘Globalize the Intifada’
Zohran Mamdani, the Democratic nominee within the race for mayor of New York Metropolis, moved to distance himself from feedback that sparked outrage throughout the main.

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Bondi ousts top ethics official at the Justice Department

Washington — Legal professional Normal Pam Bondi final week ousted the senior ethics legal professional on the Justice Division who suggested her and different senior officers on worker ethics, the most recent firing that has come amid an ongoing purge of division staff.
Joseph Tirrell, who was director of the Departmental Ethics Workplace, wrote in a post on LinkedIn that he acquired a letter signed by Bondi on Friday informing him that he had been faraway from his place. The letter said that his employment with the Justice Division “is hereby terminated, and you’re faraway from federal service efficient instantly.”
Tirrell wrote that in his position because the director of the Departmental Ethics Workplace, he was liable for advising Bondi and Deputy Legal professional Normal Todd Blanche on worker ethics and oversaw the day-to-day operations of the division’s ethics program.
“My public service is just not over, and my profession as a federal civil servant is just not completed,” he wrote. “I took the oath at 18 as a Midshipman to ‘assist and defend the Structure of the US.’ I’ve taken that oath at the very least 5 extra instances since then. That oath didn’t include the caveat that I would like solely assist the Structure when it’s straightforward or handy. I expect to find methods to proceed in my private calling of service to my nation.”
Tirrell started working on the Justice Division’s ethics workplace in 2018 and have become its director in 2023. He labored on the FBI for greater than 10 years, and has spent greater than 20 years in federal service, according to the Justice Department.
A Justice Division supply informed CBS Information that the company has additionally pushed out an ethics adviser to Blanche, the deputy legal professional basic, and nonetheless doesn’t have management officers on the division’s Workplace of Skilled Duty. The workplace was established within the wake of the Watergate scandal and goals to carry Justice Division attorneys accountable.
Jeffrey Ragsdale, the previous head of the Workplace of Skilled Duty, was faraway from his publish earlier this 12 months, according to the Washington Post, and the workplace’s website doesn’t identify a present chief.
Charles Work, a former assistant U.S. legal professional within the District of Columbia, informed CBS Information that the Justice Division has eliminated these serving as its inside watchdogs.
“For prosecutors who encounter points, issues or orders to violate their skilled obligations, there isn’t a extra recourse. There’s nowhere to show for assist,” he mentioned.
Stacey Younger, a former legal professional within the Justice Division’s Civil Rights Division, informed CBS Information that Bondi “appears to be on a mission to remove anybody who might characterize the conscience of the Justice Division.”
“Brad Weinsheimer? Pushed out. Jeff Ragsdale? Eliminated. Joseph Tirrell? Fired,” Younger mentioned. “It takes chutzpah to inform senators at your affirmation listening to that you will seek the advice of with profession ethics officers about your conflicts of curiosity after which oust probably the most certified specialists within the room.”
Weinsheimer was a senior ethics official on the Justice Division who resigned earlier this 12 months after he was reassigned to the division’s new sanctuary cities working group, Reuters reported in February.
Younger, in the meantime, resigned from her place on the Justice Division earlier this 12 months and now leads Justice Connections, an advocacy group made up of former Justice Division staff.
Since President Trump returned to the White Home, administration officers have overseen a gutting of the Justice Division. Simply days after his inauguration, roughly a dozen Justice Department employees who labored for former particular counsel Jack Smith had been faraway from their roles.
Greater than 20 staff who labored on Smith’s investigations into Mr. Trump had been additionally fired final week, a supply acquainted with the removals informed CBS Information. Those that had been faraway from their roles embody paralegals who labored in Smith’s workplace, finance and assist workers, and two federal prosecutors in North Carolina and Florida, sources informed CBS Information.
One of many impacted staff, Patty Hartman, who was a prime public affairs specialist, told CBS News that the road that aimed to maintain the Justice Division’s work separate from the White Home is “very positively gone.”
Hartman labored on the general public affairs crew for the U.S. Legal professional’s Workplace for the District of Columbia, which shared press releases about these charged for his or her alleged roles within the Jan. 6, 2021, assault on the U.S. Capitol. On his first day again in workplace, Mr. Trump pardoned roughly 1,500 defendants who had been convicted of crimes associated to the assault.

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