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Opinion: Will children’s constitutional right to a public education prevail?

Immigrant kids are going through a brand new type of playground bullying: The Trump administration and its allies are attempting to scare them away from college.
One of many Trump Division of Homeland Safety’s first actions was to discard a core restraint on immigration enforcement. For many years, Democratic and Republican administrations have abided by insurance policies, formalized in memoranda, that limited immigration enforcement in so-called delicate areas: church buildings, hospitals, daycares and colleges. However on the day after the inauguration, the brand new administration deserted these protections in opposition to raids and arrests.
Now California legislators are fortifying the state’s bulwarks in opposition to Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the administration’s ways. California already prohibits public colleges from amassing immigration details about pupils and households, and in December, state legislators introduced bills additional requiring colleges and daycares to refuse consent for ICE to enter with no judicial warrant. Another bill, launched in late January, would use colleges’ emergency notification methods to alert college students and fogeys of the presence of immigration officers.
The state legal guidelines can sluggish ICE, however they’ll’t override federal legislation. Even when denied entry, ICE might wait in schoolyards or conduct raids at soccer video games. In line with estimates from the Migration Coverage Institute, about 5 million kids in america dwell with not less than one undocumented guardian, doubtlessly remodeling college dropoffs into deportation launchpads. (To not say that the Trump administration might, a lot much less ought to, muster the hundreds of billions of {dollars} required for wide-scale immigration arrests.)
Ending the “delicate areas” coverage has nothing to do with necessity. When pressed on the knowledge of ICE terrorizing schoolchildren, Vice President JD Vance invoked the boogeyman of a “violent assassin in a college.” However the earlier coverage already allowed ICE to make arrests in colleges and elsewhere in an emergency, or when its officers had no different different.
So what’s the purpose? For probably the most half, making a flashy present of toughness and sowing concern amongst immigrants. Certainly a part of the objective is self-deportation.
Some state and native jurisdictions have been forward of Homeland Safety in terms of intimidation.This fall, the Saugus, Mass., college district started demanding proof that new college students have been authorized residents. The Oklahoma State Board of Schooling simply voted to require that folks and authorized guardians “present proof of their citizenship after they enrolled kids at school.” Such necessities could ring a bell for Californians: Comparable surveillance and limitations on immigrant training have been core to Proposition 187, the 1994 poll measure pushed by Republicans that’s usually credited with the demise of the GOP within the state.
Proposition 187 did not stand up to judicial scrutiny. Neither did the same legislation in Alabama in 2012. Each have been thwarted by Plyler vs. Doe — a 1982 Supreme Courtroom case establishing the constitutional proper of equal entry to public training no matter immigration standing.
However the present court docket has already demonstrated its willingness to reverse longstanding precedent, together with by overturning Roe vs. Wade. So the conservative Heritage Foundation is urgent for different states and districts to observe Oklahoma’s and Saugus’ lead, with hopes that the Supreme Courtroom will reconsider Plyler.
Oklahoma college superintendent Ryan Walters, like many, frames his assaults on immigrant kids and “sanctuary schools” as financial. He demanded reimbursement from the federal authorities for educating immigrant kids.
The Plyler choice didn’t purchase into such logic. In that case, Texas argued that its assets have been being stretched too skinny due to immigrant schoolchildren. However the court docket identified that unauthorized immigrants have been “contributing their labor to the native financial system and tax cash to the state.” And, it added, the financial savings Texas sought have been “wholly insubstantial in gentle of the prices concerned to those kids, the State, and the Nation” of making “a subclass of illiterates inside our boundaries.”
Plyler’s holding applies in the present day simply because it did 40 years in the past, however courts aren’t the one establishments that may rise up for college students. California legislators ought to go the laws to additional shield colleges in opposition to ICE intrusion. Native colleges may immediately assist protect their communities. Los Angeles Unified Faculty District has a plan for necessary teacher training, and it will provide “know your rights” cards to parents. Whereas these efforts can’t totally shield in opposition to school-site arrests, school staff can give families tools to face up for themselves and their communities.
Academic leaders additionally should converse out. California’s former Chief Justice Tani Cantil-Sakauye, appointed or elevated by three totally different Republican governors, raised the alarm through the first Trump administration that ICE brokers “stalking” courthouses have been instilling concern in victims and witnesses, jeopardizing the administration of justice. We have to hear from college leaders when public training is being equally jeopardized.
Surveillance and stalking undermine kids’s training. Attendance and studying endure when colleges not really feel secure. Youngsters, native-born and newcomers alike, shouldn’t be sacrificed to reckless immigration enforcement. States and localities should fulfill their constitutional and ethical mandate to teach all college students, even when which means standing as much as the president.
Shayak Sarkar is a professor of legislation at UC Davis. Josh Rosenthal is a lawyer in Los Angeles who has represented native governments, immigrants and unions.

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Spring-loaded Robot Could Explore the Asteroid Belt Almost Indefinitely

The asteroid belt beckons – it incorporates sufficient sources for people to increase into the whole remainder of the photo voltaic system and has no biosphere to talk of. Basically, it’s a large mine simply ready to be exploited. So, a scholar workforce from the College of Texas at Austin has devised a plan to use it as a part of the Revolutionary Aerospace System Ideas – Educational Linkage (RASC-AL), a contest sponsored by NASA to encourage undergraduate and graduate college students to develop modern concepts to unravel a few of area exploration’s challenges. UT Austin’s submission to the competitors final yr, often known as the Autonomous Exploration By Extraterrestrial Areas (AETHER) undertaking, definitely matches that invoice.
AETHER was submitted to the AI-Powered Self-Replicating Probes sub-section of RASC-AL 2024, which solicited concepts that might advance John von Neumann’s thought of a self-replicating area probe. AETHER addresses these challenges in two distinct methods.
First, it combines a spring-loaded touchdown system and a metal-burning rocket engine to hop between totally different asteroids within the belt. To gasoline its rocket, it makes use of a system to reap water and metallic (particularly aluminum) from the floor of the asteroid it’s at the moment on, splits it into its parts, after which dumps them right into a gasoline tank that can be utilized to energy its subsequent journey to a unique asteroid. All of that is powered by a Kilowatt Reactor Utilizing Stirling TechnoloY (KRUSTY) nuclear reactor that has been present process NASA and DoE testing for over a decade.
The springs in AETHER’s legs have a two-fold goal. First, they permit for a tender touchdown on the floor of the gravitationally weak asteroid and might switch a number of the vitality created by that touchdown into saved vitality, which can be utilized to launch the system from its touchdown place later. It additionally has a set of wheels to navigate across the asteroid’s floor. When it’s time to leap off once more, it replants its legs and is derived again into area – with slightly assist from its rocket engine.
The rocket engine designed as a part of AETHER can burn metallic, corresponding to aluminum, that the craft harvests from the asteroid to make use of as gasoline. It’s the major system designed to take the craft from asteroid to asteroid, and it’s meant to be a high-delta-v choice for doing so rapidly.
AETHER additionally tries to imitate a von Neumann probe by utilizing a machine-learning algorithm to enhance its resource-harvesting efforts. It could take knowledge from varied sensors, together with artificial aperture radar and a spectrometer, and estimate the place the perfect spot could be to land to refuel. Whereas accumulating that extra gasoline materials, it will talk again with Earth by way of a high-speed optical communication hyperlink, permitting an Earth-based server to replace the machine studying parameters and enhance the algorithm’s consequence for the following hop.
Credit score – HeroX YouTuBe Channel
The unique mission design for AETHER has it stopping at two particular asteroids earlier than shifting on to as-yet-unnamed ones. The primary, which might be no shock, is Psyche, the large metallic asteroid that’s about to be visited by its personal devoted probe. Information from that probe will assist inform the primary iteration of AETHER’s studying algorithm, and the enter the sensors present from its go to will replace it earlier than its subsequent step – Themis. That asteroid, although smaller, is predicted to comprise a considerable amount of water ice, which is a mandatory element for AETHER’s rocket engines.
After visiting the primary two asteroids, the mission strikes on to locations unknown, as finishing these steps could be thought of a hit. However given the longevity of the KRUSTY reactor and the craft’s capability to refill its personal gasoline tank, it’s potential, and even possible, that AETHER would contemplate working effectively previous its rendezvous with Themis.
The UT Austin workforce was comprised solely of undergraduate college students, although it’s unclear what yr of research they had been in. However, given their expertise with the 2024 model of RASC-AL, they would appear well-placed to submit a undertaking proposal for the just lately introduced 2025 model. In the event that they do, hopefully, their thought shall be simply as modern as AETHER’s.
Be taught Extra:
Flores et al – AETHER
UT – Miniaturized Jumping Robots Could Study An Asteroid’s Gravity
UT – NASA Funds the Development of a Nuclear Reactor on the Moon That Would Last for 10 Years
UT – Engineers Design a Robot That Can Stick To, Crawl Along, and Sail Around Rubble Pile Asteroids
Lead Picture:
Touchdown and take-off depiction of AETHER.
Credit score – Flores et al.
News
Two earthquakes near Malibu, one in Inland Empire rattle L.A. region

Two small earthquakes rattled the Malibu space Friday and Saturday, adopted by one other one within the Inland Empire.
The primary Malibu quake was reported round 11:44 p.m. Friday and was registered as a magnitude 3.7, with an epicenter about 6.8 miles northwest of Malibu, in line with the U.S. Geological Survey. It was felt throughout the Westside, San Fernando Valley and Ventura County in addition to within the Los Angeles Basin and South Bay.
A second quake, which was measured as a magnitude 3.5, struck in roughly the identical space at 6:30 a.m. Saturday. Residents in Ventura County reported feeling a pointy jolt, and the shaking triggered some automobile alarms.
A 3rd quake, measured at magnitude 3.5, was recorded close to the San Jacinto Mountains in Riverside County at 2:16 p.m. Saturday, with an epicenter a number of miles south of Idyllwild.
There have been no reviews of harm from any of the quakes.

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Heavy Rain Strikes Kentucky and Tennessee

Uncommon downpours in February started to pound a broad swath of the Decrease Mississippi Valley, from western parts of Kentucky and Tennessee and increasing to southwestern Virginia, officers and residents reported on Saturday.
Flooding in these areas could possibly be “life-threatening,” the Nationwide Climate Service stated on Saturday. It additionally stated that widespread flash flooding was anticipated over components of the decrease Mississippi, Ohio and Tennessee Valleys.
“That is unprecedented for mid-February, at the least within the final 20 years,” stated Phil Baker, a meteorologist with the Nationwide Climate Service in Memphis, of the rain in Kentucky and Tennessee.
Whereas there have been no fast stories of deaths or catastrophic property harm, officers warned residents to be ready for the heavy rain, and not to drive by way of floodwaters as a result of the water can change into electrified.
Gov. Andy Beshear of Kentucky said on Saturday afternoon {that a} landslide would preserve Freeway 160 in Knott County closed for a number of hours. Mr. Beshear additionally stated that the water in Elizabethtown, a metropolis of 33,000 residents, was reaching document ranges. Some houses in Perry County had been evacuated, he stated.
In Tennessee, officers stated that some roads, principally within the western a part of the state, had been flooding, together with State Route 210 in Lauderdale County.
For the remainder of the jap United States, frost, ice or snow was anticipated to coat a lot of the jap United States on Saturday into Sunday. However the uncommon springlike surge of hotter, wetter climate into Sunday morning might imply that components of the area will even face flooding rains, extreme storms, freezing rain and, within the far north, heavy snow.
Listed here are the hazards to observe for.
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Flooding rain: From northeastern Arkansas to southwestern West Virginia, there’s a average threat of extreme rainfall that would trigger rivers to rise or result in flash flooding. One to a few inches of rain fell over northwest Arkansas to northwest Tennessee on Friday evening.
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Extreme storms: Within the Deep South, primarily in northern Louisiana and Mississippi, an outbreak of extreme storms that would embrace tornadoes and damaging winds is feasible from Saturday afternoon into the night.
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Heavy snow: Average to heavy snow has been hitting the Midwest, which might stand up to 13 inches of snow by Sunday. It was anticipated on Saturday to maneuver towards the Nice Lakes by way of New England. Maine might see as much as 19 inches of snow by Monday.
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Wintry combine: New York and different cities alongside the Northeast coast will see snow first on Saturday afternoon, earlier than heat air strikes in, turning the precipitation to a large number of sleet, freezing rain after which rain. Some areas, particularly near the coast, will transition shortly from snow to rain. Some average snow might fall throughout the upper elevations of the Appalachians.
The rainfall is the rarity of this mid-February storm.
The area most susceptible to flooding — together with Tennessee and Kentucky — is already soaking wet, with some rivers close to or at flood stage after having seen weeks of latest rainfall.
This uncommon quantity of moisture surging north is extra intense than the rain that has already fallen. And a few locations, like Lexington, Ky., the place three to 5 inches of rain is forecast, might break their February document for each day rainfall. (Over three inches of rain was measured there on Feb. 13, 1989.)
“A part of the issue is earlier than this rain occasion even began this morning, the grounds have already been saturated from earlier rainfall,” stated Mr. Baker, the forecaster. “There’s going to be river flooding that’s going to persist for days.”
As of Saturday, the heaviest rainfall was anticipated over northwest Tennessee and western Kentucky, Mr. Baker stated, with 4 to 6 inches of rain anticipated. As much as eight inches of rain might fall in some remoted areas, he stated.
With the bottom already saturated, forecasters in locations like Paducah, Ky., are particularly involved by a few of the outlier rainfall quantities of as much as seven inches.
“It received’t take a lot to provide flooding,” one forecaster there wrote, warning that the area “could have a major flooding occasion on our fingers.”
Forecasters within the mountainous areas within the jap areas of the locations most in danger for flooding warned that the bottom had produced situations ripe for landslides and particles flows on steep slopes across the space.
Forecasters in Charleston, W.Va., reminded residents who stay on or on the base of hillsides to observe for indicators of potential floor motion: timber leaning in uncommon orientations, or water and dust seeping in the place they aren’t anticipated.
The hotter, springlike storm is predicted to maneuver off the Atlantic seaboard by Sunday night, and winter will return on Monday.
Temperatures will plunge to under common throughout the jap United States. Snow is prone to return on Tuesday and Wednesday, coating the identical areas that will probably flood this weekend in Tennessee and Kentucky — all as a coastal storm presumably returns heavy snow again to northeast coastal cities.
Adeel Hassan contributed reporting.

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