News
Designing In Situ Power Stations for Future Mars Missions
You’re in the lab analyzing Martian regolith samples within your cozy Mars habitat serving on fifth human mission to Mars. The power within the habitat has been flowing flawlessly thanks to the MARS-MES (Mars Atmospheric Resource & Multimodal Energy System), including the general habitat lighting, science lab, sleeping quarters, exercise equipment, the virtual reality headsets the crew use for rest & relaxation, oxygen and fuel generation, and water. All this from converting the Martian atmosphere into workable electricity.
While this scenario might be decades away, scientists on Earth are working hard to make this concept a reality today. This includes a team of scientists from China who propose using a novel concept for converting the thin Martian atmosphere into heat and electricity. Their findings were recently published in National Science Review and could help revolutionize how electricity is produced on Mars through a process called in situ resource utilization (ISRU) without the need for power or power supplies being shipped from Earth.
For the study, the researchers propose several concepts for producing power and electricity on a future human Mars mission, including Martian air capture, in situ power generation and storage, and life support resources transformation. The team notes all these methods carry their own benefits and challenges while emphasizing the importance of using ISRU for powering future human Mars missions.
For the atmospheric air capture, the researchers propose a multimodal concept using the Martian atmosphere, which only has approximately 1 percent of the atmospheric pressure of Earth, more than 95 percent carbon dioxide, and peak temperatures of 20 degrees Celsius (Earth is 57 degrees Celsius). Despite these stark contrasts, the researchers propose capturing the Martian atmosphere and compressing it to make it thicker using a myriad of methods, including mechanical compression, cryogenic trapping, and temperature adsorption. The researchers note that mechanical compression has yet to demonstrate long-term demonstrations, cryogenic trapping is still in the testing phase, and temperature adsorption continues to encounter limited rates and low heat production.
For in situ power generation and storage, the researchers propose using a micro-nuclear reactor to use captured Martian air for power generation and storing the power in lithium-Martian gas batteries, thus providing long-term and stable electricity. For the life support resources transformation, the researchers propose using a Sabatier reactor to convert the pressurized atmosphere and nuclear waste for producing heat, electricity, and methane fuel. For context, a Sabatier reactor serves as the cornerstone of the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) onboard the International Space Station (ISS), with the proposed Sabatier reactor in this study being a larger and upgraded version.
The study notes, “The Martian atmosphere, as a central medium for power generation, can integrate independent chemical conversions to realize a power-to-X function. This perspective synthesizes the common characteristic of independent Mars CO2 ISRU, and outlines a vision for the future pathway. The first crewed Mars mission is expected to materialize in the coming decades. However, related ISRU technologies are still in the conceptual experimentation and analysis phase.”
The researchers outline next steps for developing and advancing ISRU technologies and emphasize the importance of using ISRU for future human Mars missions. As noted, ISRU uses local and available resources while significantly reducing the logistical and financial costs of shipping resources from Earth, including water, fuel, food, or electricity. A prime example of ISRU on Mars potentially includes using subsurface water ice for drinking, bathing, fuel, and electrolyzing (using electricity to separate the oxygen and hydrogen) for oxygen. Another example includes using Martian regolith for construction purposes, either through 3D printing or covering the habitat to shield it from harsh solar radiation.
How will in situ power stations help power future human Mars missions in the coming years and decades? Only time will tell, and this is why we science!
As always, keep doing science & keep looking up!
News
ICE shootings protested in Pasadena on National Day of Action
Approximately 50 demonstrators gathered Saturday morning in Pasadena as part of a national action to honor lives lost during immigration enforcement operations and in detention centers during the Trump administration.
They wore fliers around their necks, hung with yellow thread, bearing the smiling faces and names of some of the 75 people who have died since January 2025.
“Killed by ICE” was printed above a photo of each person, including local resident Roberto Carlos Montoya Valdez, a 52-year-old killed while trying to flee immigration agents who descended on a Home Depot in Monrovia last year.
The Los Angeles residents, part of the San Gabriel Foothills Indivisible group, carried American flags and held signs that read “No ICE No War” and “Stop ICE Murders.”
“Good morning, Pasadena,” Betsy Hanger, an organizer with the group, boomed into a megaphone as she walked through an intersection. “Honk for democracy. Honk if you want ICE off our streets now.”
A chorus of horns sounded as drivers signaled their support.
Organizer Andra Clarke held a banner in each hand that read “Neighbors Say ICE Out.” The sign around her neck carried the name and photo of Francisco Gaspar-Andrés, a 48-year-old who died in a Texas detention center in December.
Heba Turner was among protesters demanding justice for those killed by ICE officers.
(Myung J. Chun / Los Angeles Times)
Clarke, 61, said the group has been gathering at the intersection of Colorado Boulevard and Fair Oaks Avenue every Saturday since March. Last weekend, they celebrated civil rights activist John Lewis.
This Saturday, though, their focus was aimed at ICE.
“Now 75 people have died at the hands of ICE,” Clarke said. “We were originally told, ‘Oh they’re going to go after the criminals, the people who are the worst of the worst.’ That’s a lie; that is not what’s happening.
“They’re targeting communities, they’re targeting people of color. It’s fascism. … Anybody who cares about humanity should care about what’s happening.”
Clarke said it hit her hard when she learned of the two recent deaths at the hands of ICE.
The event was also a vigil honoring 52-year-old Lorenzo Salgado Araujo, who was killed by an ICE agent in Houston on July 7 while driving his construction crew to a job site, and Johan Sebastian Guerrero, 25, who was fatally shot by an ICE officer in Maine during a traffic stop earlier this month.
“It’s like, again? It just doesn’t end. It feels like it never ends — the evil.”
Shortly before noon, Clarke used a megaphone to read aloud the names of the dozens who have died. After each name read, Hanger struck a singing bowl, the vibrations sounding out in the corner where they stood. At times, she read “unidentified man” or “four unidentified women.”
Next to them was a poster board with a photo of Daphy Michel, a 31-year-old woman found unresponsive at a bus shelter in Pittsburgh after ICE released her “into cold winter conditions and no care for mental health episodes or notice to relatives.”
“Let’s take a moment of silence for all those who were taken,” Clarke said, bowing her head.
“It’s like, again? It just doesn’t end. It feels like it never ends — the evil,” said Andra Clarke, an organizer for San Gabriel Foothills Indivisible.
(Myung J. Chun / Los Angeles Times)
Among those gathered to listen was Leticia Lopez, a 65-year-old South Pasadena resident whose voice trembled as she talked about the impact of hearing about another arrest or death tied to enforcement operations.
“It gets me to the core,” she said, striking her chest. “It’s not getting any better, it’s getting worse. I just feel like I need to do something.”
Lopez, who wore a shirt that read “Immigrants are not criminals but the president is,” said her mother and grandmother were forcefully repatriated from Arizona to Mexico.
Her mother, who was raised in Mexico, later met her father there. He moved to the U.S. in the 1950s as a bracero. Hearing the stories of today, she said, “triggers everything that they went through.”
“When I see it happening, it’s a generational trauma that I feel,” she said. Lopez said people around her are carrying passports and documents in public to prove they’re citizens.
“Because they’re afraid they might be profiled, picked up, kidnapped by ICE. When my son goes out, I worry,” she said of her 28-year-old.
Later that afternoon, about four miles away outside of Home Depot in Pasadena, organizers staked in the ground dozens of white crosses that bore photos of the dead — the majority of them men. Attendees of the vigil laid flowers at the crosses in a makeshift cemetery.
“Shot dead by ICE,” read one with a photo of Keith Porter Jr., who was killed by an off duty ICE officer in California.
Several of them contained details of how the deaths unfolded. A man killed after a tractor trailer struck him as he fled an ICE raid in Florida. A Cuban immigrant who died in a detention center (his death was later ruled a homicide). A Mexican national who fell 30 feet to his death during a raid in California.
Among the photos on crosses were Renee Good and Alex Pretti.
“Are we going to wait until 70 more die to do something?” asked Marlom Portillo, an educator with the National Day Laborer Organizing Network, as he staked more crosses into the ground.
“What they want us to do is forget them,” Portillo added. “We will never get tired of denouncing this atrocity.”
“There are more people who died than there are people here protesting,” Kathleen Vallee, a Monrovia resident, observed to her friend. “And that says a lot about us.”
Vallee said when she attended the “No Kings” protest, it was “jam-packed.” Only a dozen people had gathered around 20 minutes into the vigil.
“It turns my stomach,” Vallee said, hands clasped. “This just seems to be seeping up from the sewer into our democracy and that motivates me.”
As the small crowd assembled, demonstrators carried signs that read “Every person is sacred,” “we keep us safe” and “neighbors say ICE out.” One woman carried a handmade sign that read: “Who will they come for next?”
Sheri Lochner, a 64-year-old Monrovia resident, is part of East Pasadena Community Defense Corner, a small group that “provides support and a sense of community” for day laborers.
Lochner said she watched as immigrant agents took six or seven men at an Oct. 1 ICE raid at the Monrovia Home Depot.
“So un-American,” Lochner said, as she scanned the rows of crosses. “This isn’t right.”
She added that her mom, who voted for Trump the first time, agreed with her.
“I speak up, I will not be silent,” she added.
News
Inside the Rushed Effort to Get Trump His New Air Force One
A New York Times investigation found that President Trump’s push to speed delivery of the aircraft led to ballooning costs and trade-offs in safety features.
News
Lucky 13! Starship Deploys Starlink Satellites and Splashes Down Intact
SpaceX’s Starship super-rocket deployed operational next-generation Starlink satellites for the first time during its 13th flight test, which addressed snags that arose in the previous test.
The 407-foot-tall, two-stage rocket rose from its Starbase launch pad in Texas at 5:51 p.m. CT today (10:51 p.m. UTC), with all 33 Raptor engines firing on the Super Heavy booster. On the way up, the rocket set a record for maximum dynamic pressure, also known as Max-Q.
Minutes after liftoff, the Starship upper stage — known as Ship — separated to continue on the flight test’s trajectory, and then the booster relit its engines for a controlled splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico. SpaceX launch commentator Dan Huot noted that not all of the engines fired up as planned — making for a splash that was a bit spicier than expected but still safe.
During the next phase of the test, Ship sent out 20 operational Starlink V3 satellites from a deployment system that’s been nicknamed the “Pez Dispenser.” For about 20 minutes, SpaceX’s engineering team ran a series of tests to check the deployment of solar arrays and see how the satellites were able to communicate with other spacecraft in the telecom network using laser systems.
“Not only were we able to make contact with all 20, but we also made comms over lasers with all of them as well,” SpaceX engineer Kate Tice said. “So, that is awesome.”
The satellites weren’t meant to stay in orbit. After the tests were completed, all 20 re-entered the atmosphere and burned up. But the data gathered during the tests will help SpaceX ensure that future batches of Starlink V3 satellites work properly.
Starlink V3 satellites are built to download data at speeds of up to 1 terabit per second, which marks a substantial technological advance over the V2 satellites that make up the bulk of the Starlink constellation. Adding V3 satellites to the network will upgrade Starlink’s capacity for direct-to-device services.
After satellite deployment, the upper stage executed a relight of one of its six Raptor engines in mid-flight, and then descended through the atmosphere to a splashdown in the Indian Ocean. On the way down, Ship’s heat shield weathered fiery flashes of plasma that made for quite a fireworks show on the in-space video transmitted down to Earth via Starlink. At the very end, the upper stage settled down intact in the water, spouting flames as it floated.
“That is a first. That is the softest splashdown we have ever had with a Starship there in the Indian Ocean,” Huot said. “This is a dream scenario for the team that’s trying to get this heatshield data.”
This marked the second test of SpaceX’s beefed-up Starship V3 rocket. The previous test in May followed a similar flight profile and was rated a success, but SpaceX made some modifications to systems on the Super Heavy booster as well as on the upper stage to address engine performance issues.
SpaceX’s initial attempt to launch the 13th flight test was aborted a week ago, at the moment of ignition, when four Raptor engines failed to start up for launch. After the scrub, SpaceX found six booster engines that raised concerns and replaced them for today’s second try.
-
Trending3 weeks agoEigelsbach mit starkem Sieg, Wobker disqualifiziert · tennisnet.com
-
Entertainment2 weeks agoZendaya wears angel wings at ‘The Odyssey’ NYC premiere
-
Trending2 weeks agoUS marshal shot dead serving arrest warrant in Louisiana | US crime
-
Entertainment2 weeks agoVrai makes the best lab-grown diamond earrings — just ask Taylor Swift
-
News2 weeks ago
Trump Pressures ICE to Resume Traffic Stops After They Were Halted Over Fatal Shootings
-
News2 weeks agoAfter a Billion Kilometres, China’s Asteroid Hunter Finally Arrives
-
Trending1 week agoGracie Abrams: Daughter From Hell Album Review
-
Trending2 weeks agoMaps show millions of Americans under heat alerts from extreme temperatures in Plains, Northeast
