The 1960s and 1970s were two of the most dynamic decades in American history. The Civil Rights Movement, the Vietnam War, the Apollo moon landing, and the rise of punk rock were just a few of the events and cultural shifts that made these eras distinctly memorable.

The icons of the time ranged from fashion-forward stars to stalwart political figures, and all of them are worthy of remembrance. Yet too many Pennsylvanians from younger generations have no clue who they are.

1: Andy Warhol

Artist, film director, and producer Andy Warhol changed the art scene with his iconic style. Dubbed the leader of the Pop Art Movement, Warhol rose to the spotlight in 1962 with his paintings of Campbell’s soup cans. He went on to paint a collection of Hollywood stars in violently bright colors, relying on a repetitive silkscreen technique. 

2: Edie Sedgewick

“It Girl” Edie Sedgwick was a 1960s cultural icon thanks to Andy Warhol. Warhol cast her in several short films, which launched her short-lived and rather tragic career. While discussing the pair on his talk show in 1965, host Merv Griffin stated, “No party in New York is considered a success unless they are there.” 

3: Robert Redford

Academy Award winner Robert Redford was in his prime during the late 1960s and ’70s. The Hollywood mainstay began on Broadway before doing a number of forgettable films in the early 60s. Then, in 1969 he starred alongside Paul Newman in the blockbuster hit Butch Cassidy and The Sundance Kid. 

4: Mia Farrow

From a quick marriage to Frank Sinatra to starring in Rosemary’s Baby, Mia Farrow kept her name relevant throughout the ’60s and ’70s. Though her long blonde hair may have been perfect for the early 60s flower child movement, it was her short, pixie cut by Vidal Sassoon that swept the nation. 

5: John F. Kennedy 

The 1960s kicked off with the election of President John F. Kennedy. Though his presidency was short-lived and destined for a tragic ending, Kennedy ignited a cultural firestorm. His courage, commitment to civil issues, and undeniable charisma made him a beloved figure. 

6: Marilyn Monroe

Bombshell blonde Marilyn Monroe may have started her upward journey in the 1950s, but there’s no doubt the early 1960s were part of her heyday. Though she passed away before the decade could really get into full swing, Monroe still captures the hearts and minds of many Americans. According to YouGov polling, she remains the 47th most popular person in the world, ahead of icons like Vincent van Gogh and Robert De Niro. 

7: Jackie Kennedy Onassis

When her husband was in the White House, America became enamored with Jackie Kennedy’s grace and style. After John F. Kennedy’s assassination, she continued to be a subject of public fascination and went on to fight for landmark preservation throughout her beloved New York City. 

8: Neil Armstrong

Neil Armstrong holds the distinct title of being the first man to walk on the moon. As he stepped into space, he famously said, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” 

9: Buzz Aldrin

Astronaut, engineer, and former fighter pilot, Buzz Aldrin was the second man to walk on the moon, directly after Neil Armstrong. It took NASA a mere 11 years to send astronauts to the moon. The federal government established the organization in 1958, and astronauts like Aldrin stepped foot on lunar soil in 1969. 

10: Martin Luther King Jr. 

Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister who became the leader of the civil rights movement. Before his assassination in 1968, he led the influential March on Washington in 1963 and won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. 

11:  The Beatles 

Beatlemania influenced culture on a broad scale. From clothes to hairstyles, it was impossible to avoid the Beatles in the 1960s. On April 4, 1964, the band managed to hold all five of the top five Billboard chart spots — a feat never accomplished before or since. 

12: David Bowie

Considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, David Bowie was a 1970s icon for more than just his musical prowess. His shifting identity and innovative style made him an admired figure by teens, artists, and just about everyone else. 

13: Donna Summer

Some people call Donna Summer the Queen of Disco, and she certainly earned the title. The five-time Grammy winner had fans stretching from youthful clubbers to Elton John, who once said of Summer’s I Feel Love, “It sounded like no other record.” 

14: Diane Keaton

Dianne Keaton is an accomplished film-star, to be sure. But, in the 70s, she also became a fashion icon. Keaton’s role as Annie Hall featured a menswear inspired wardrobe that became all the rage in the late 1970s. 

15: Mick Jagger

No one has moves like Mick Jagger. Even today, the musician and stage star can put on a show, but in the ’70s, the lead singer of the Rolling Stones was a sight to behold. Not only did he co-write most of the group’s hit songs, but he also set the tone for the glam rock aesthetic with flamboyant outfits that somehow never looked out of place. 

16: Margaret Thatcher

Dubbed the Iron Lady, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was a force to be reckoned with in the late 1970s. She became leader of the Conservative party in Britain in 1975 and was elected Prime Minister in 1979. Her uncompromising leadership style made her polarizing, but she certainly left her mark on culture, politics, and the world at large. 

17: Jimi Hendrix

You might call Jimi Hendrix a creative genius. Credited with creating a new musical form that relied on feedback and controlled distortion, there’s no doubt he was more than your average musician. 

18: Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa became a nun in 1937, but it wasn’t until 1965, when her order, the Missionaries of Charity, went international that she became a cultural icon. Her work with the poor quickly expanded from Kolkata, India, to New York City and beyond, reaching over 90 countries and earning her the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. 

19: Sonny and Cher

Sonny Bono and Cher began their recording careers in the 1960s when they worked as background singers for Phil Spector. They quickly achieved their own notoriety and became cultural icons in the later ’60s and ’70s with hits like “I’ve Got You Babe.” 

20: Billie Jean King

In 1973, at 29 years old, tennis-star Bille Jean King famously won the “Battle of the Sexes” tennis match against Bobbie Riggs. King is considered to be one of the best tennis players of all time and also is seen as influential in the fight for gender equality.  

21: Harvey Milk 

Harvey Milk was the first openly gay man to be elected to political office in California when he won a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in 1977. During his short tenure, Milk helped pass legislation that prohibited anti-gay employment and housing discrimination in the city. Sadly, Milk was assassinated in 1978. 

22: Richard Nixon 

President Richard Nixon held the White House from 1969 to 1974 and quickly became one of the most well-known figures of the time. The Watergate Scandal, which led to his resignation, is still regularly referenced today. 

23: Farrah Fawcett

Best known for playing one of Charlie’s Angels, Farrah Fawcett launched a cultural storm. Her signature hairstyle became a staple amongst women in the 1970s, and her timeless fashion sense continues to inspire today’s glamour icons. 

24: Stevie Nicks 

Described as the epitome of bohemian chic, Stevie Nicks was more than a beloved ’70s musician. Her entire style reflected the groovy, laid-back finery so essential to the decade.

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Though some casual wine drinkers may simply refer to their favorites as “red” or “white,” many Georgia residents want to know how to pronounce their favorite varietals.

A recent analysis of Google search data shows which types of wine are most searched for in terms of pronunciation. This list shows the top 21 wines Georgians need help saying aloud. 

Methodology

Researchers at the language learning site Anna Spanish analyzed Google search data to determine which wines need the most pronunciation help. Perhaps unsurprisingly, most of the wines that users search how to say are of French origin. 

1: Cabernet Sauvignon

Cabernet Sauvignon is difficult for English speakers who aren’t accustomed to a “t” being silent. If you didn’t know it was pronounced kab-er-nay soh-VIN-Yohn, you’re not alone. The king of wines, as vintners often describe it, has a search volume of over 45,000. 

2: Pinot Noir

Pronounced PEE-noh Nwar, but often referred to as simply “pee-noh,” this complex and subtle varietal is sometimes called the queen of wines. Though it’s tricky for English speakers to pronounce, it’s a favorite to drink and is considered one of the world’s most popular wines. 

3: Sauvignon Blanc

With a search volume of just under 30,000, it’s clear that few people know how to pronounce sauvignon blanc correctly. It’s spoken soh-VIN-yohn blan, in case you were wondering. 

4: Pinot Grigio

Even experienced wine aficionados tend to pronounce Pinot Grigio incorrectly, often insisting on speaking the second “i.” In actuality, it’s said pee-noh gree-jo, and the second “i” is silent. 

5: Merlot

Merlot’s two syllables make it deceptively approachable. But English speakers, beware. The “t” is silent, making the correct pronunciation mer-loh. 

6: Malbec

Though it’s common to find great Malbecs from Argentina, Australia, and New Zealand, this wine originally came from France and is pronounced accordingly. The “c” is hard, making it mal-bek.

7: Prosecco

Prosecco is an Italian sparkling wine that many have trouble pronouncing. According to Anna Spanish researchers, prosecco, pronounced proh-SEHK-koh, has a search volume of over 10,000. 

8: Sangiovese

Sangiovese is an Italian wine with a tricky silent letter. The correct pronunciation is SAN-joe-veh-see, but many Americans pronounce the “i,” making it SAN-gee-oh-veh-see. 

9: Riesling

A dry German Riesling pairs fantastically with many dishes, from sushi to pork chops. However, sipping it alongside a salmon roll seems far easier than pronouncing it. Spoken, rees-ling, it has a search volume of over 9,000. 

10: Viognier

Viognier is another French wine with several unspoken letters. It’s pronounced VEE-ON-yay, which isn’t exactly intuitive for English speakers.  

11: Rosé

Americans unfamiliar with accent marks run into problems with Rosé. Though it’s spelled like the flower, Rosé is pronounced with two syllables, Roe-zay.  

12: Chardonnay

Chardonnay may be one of the most popular wines in the U.S., but that doesn’t mean Americans can pronounce it. With a search volume of over 8,000, Chardonnay, pronounced shar-dah-nay, isn’t easy for native English speakers. 

13: Shiraz

If English is your native tongue, the idea of an “i” sounding like a “u” is bizarre, but that’s the case with Shiraz. Pronounced schuh-RAAZ, this bold red wine is perfect alongside a juicy steak or leg of lamb. 

14: Syrah

Syrah is pronounced see-rah, which isn’t how most English speakers would say it at first glance. It’s no wonder it has a search volume of almost 4,000. 

15: Pinot Gris

Remove the “t” and the “s” from Pinot Gris, and you might say it correctly. The correct pronunciation is pee-noh-gree. 

16: Tempranillo

Tempranillo is a Spanish wine and its pronunciation follows Spanish rules. That means the “ll” is pronounced as a “y,” making it tem-pruh-NEE-yo.

17: Zinfandel

Big, bold, and flavorful, Zinfandels are a favorite for many Americans. Although ordering a glass might seem intimidating, there’s no need to fear. Zinfandel is one of the few wines that’s pronounced exactly how it’s spelled. 

18: Gerwurtztraminer

The German language tends to use a lot of letters and syllables when naming things, and their wines are no exception. Though Gerwurtztraminer (ga-VERTZ-trah-mee-ner) seems intimidating to say, most English speakers can pronounce it if they take the time to sound it out. 

19: Carménère

Carménère is difficult for many Americans because of its mix of accent marks. It’s pronounced kar-may-NEHR. 

20: Sémillon

Sémillon is another French wine with silent letters that don’t make sense. You say it, SAY-mee-yon, and it’s wonderful alongside oysters or fish. 

21: Gruner Veltliner

Pronounced grew-ner velt-LEE-ner, this white wine tends to come from Austria, Hungary, and the Czech Republic. If you don’t feel like stumbling through its entire pronunciation, you can call it “Gruner” for short. 

Pronouncing Your Favorite Wines

Wines can be challenging to pronounce accurately since their names are often derived from their places of origin. Understanding the language of the region where they originate can be helpful in mastering their correct pronunciation.

A Few Tips

For French wines, know that several letters will likely be silent. French is an old language, and its spelling reflects how it was pronounced centuries ago rather than how it’s spoken today. For Spanish wines, like Tempranillo, keep in mind that the “ll” makes a “y” sound.  

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Who doesn’t love a good buffet? With fixed prices and the freedom to pile your plate high with as much food as you want, they can offer great value for your money.

West Virginians with big appetites understandably love the buffet concept, and restaurants often lose money with those folks. On the other hand, light eaters like myself are more the target audience. We pay the set price and hardly eat anything, relatively speaking, resulting in a positive cash flow for the restaurant. 

However, buffet-style dining has been losing the popularity contest for a while now for various reasons. The most notable ones are questionable sanitation and rampant food-borne illnesses that can be spread from, well, a buffet restaurant’s spread.

1: Cantaloupe

Buffet food isn’t always the healthiest, so seeking out fruits and veggies makes sense if you’re trying to eat a well-balanced meal. However, cantaloupe is one fruit that should be avoided. Melons, in general, are known to harbor bacteria. 

Other fruits have enough acidity to protect you from those nasty bugs, but cantaloupe does not. According to a Food Handler Food Safety Course, cantaloupe grows bacteria quickly and will go bad if the restaurant does not correctly store and replace it promptly.

2: Raw Seafood

Avoid raw seafood, especially oysters, at all costs at an all-you-can-eat buffet. If these delicacies are not correctly handled and stored, they develop bacteria that can make you very ill. I got salmonella from bad mussels once. Trust me, you don’t want it. 

Individuals with certain pre-existing conditions and compromised immune systems are also advised not to eat raw seafood. The Virginia Department of Health states, “Shellfish might be harvested from water that naturally contains bacteria that can make people ill or water that has been contaminated by bacteria, parasites, or viruses from the feces (stool) of people or animals.”

3: Lemon Wedges

Lemon water might be one of my favorite drinks during the hot summer, but experts advise avoiding these citrus wedges at a buffet. Studies conducted in the past show that lemon wedges often contain a high percentage of microbes on their rinds and flesh. Or, worst-case scenario, both the rinds and flesh.

Often, lemons are sliced on a shared cutting board and with a shared knife, which can result in cross-contamination. It’s best to forego the citrus-infused water while dining at a buffet and save it for home.

4: Sushi

Buffet sushi might be your best bet if your goal is to catch a food-borne illness. Everyone always jokes about “gas station sushi,” but there’s truth to avoiding cheap or poorly handled raw fish that comes in those cute little rolls and packaging.

According to the USDA, raw food of animal origin, including shellfish and seafood, is most likely to be contaminated and should be avoided. Eating cooked meat will greatly decrease your chance of becoming ill and save you a trip to urgent care. 

5: Food That Shares a Utensil

If you have dietary restrictions or allergies to certain foods, it is best to avoid buffets altogether. The utensils used on the buffet line will invariably cause cross-contamination. If the individual dishes don’t have their own pair of tongs or spoons for serving, customers will use what is provided. 

If the utensil has fallen into the dish and has food on the handle, request new ones from the staff rather than using what is available. Too many gross things happen at a buffet for you to take unnecessary risks and fall sick.

6: Salty Foods

The higher your salt intake, the more dehydrated you become, which results in drinking more liquids, according to a study conducted by Nutrients. A higher intake of water or soda will suppress your appetite, which means you eat less. So, if your goal is to eat as much as possible during your buffet outing, avoid eating salty foods.

Putting out salty foods at a buffet is a perfect scenario for a restaurant that’s trying to make money off of you eating less than what the food cost them to make. Besides, we all know how disappointed you’ll be by those soggy, limp fries. 

7: High-Carb Dishes

Buffet managers have mastered the art of monetizing their food selection. It is not uncommon for high-carb entrees, like mashed potatoes and mac and cheese, to be at the beginning of the buffet, ensuring customers load up on those items first. 

According to Marketplace, buffets also like to use big spoons for high-carb dishes to trick customers into eating more of them. At the same time, the more expensive items are served from smaller plates or cut into individual slices by staff. If you fill up on carbohydrates first, you’ll eat less, which means more money in the restaurant’s pocket.

8: Scrambled Eggs

I hate to break it to you, but those scrambled eggs at the breakfast buffet are not freshly cracked eggs. Instead, they’re powdered egg substitutes. The nutritional value of powdered eggs is about the same as the real thing, but the consistency is different. Powdered eggs have a more sponge-like texture and a longer shelf life than fresh eggs. 

If you really want eggs and the option is available, visit the omelet-making station instead and witness the eggs being cracked just for you. At least then, you know the eggs haven’t been sitting there for hours.  

9: Dairy-Based Dressings

If you want to avoid contracting a foodborne illness, it’s best only to eat acid-based salad dressings, such as balsamic vinaigrette, and steer clear of dairy-based dressings like Thousand Island. There’s a reason why dressings made with dairy require refrigeration upon opening, and if the buffet you’re dining at doesn’t correctly store them, you run the risk of exposure to a nasty bug. 

According to Eat Pallet, if cream-based dressings are left out for more than two hours, bacteria will begin to grow, which can lead to food poisoning. Additionally, leaving dressing out on a buffet can result in fellow buffet goers dipping their fingers into the containers, touching the spoons to their dirty plates, or any other offense that could cause exposure. 

10: Salad Greens

When you head to an all-you-can-eat buffet, you might want to be at least somewhat healthy and select vegetables or a salad to enjoy alongside all the other cheesy and fried goodness. However, one of the main culprits of the spread of bacteria is poorly washed greens like romaine lettuce and baby spinach. 

Salad greens grow in damp soil and can become contaminated with E. Coli, salmonella, Listeria, and cryptosporidium. Since salad greens are served raw, heat isn’t an option to remove the bacteria during the cooking process, and it can cause serious food poisoning. 

11: Deep-Fried Foods

No one wants to eat limp fried chicken and mushy egg rolls. Unless you’re hitting a buffet right as the doors open, the fried food selection will most likely be soggy and limp. The reason? Fried food often sits under a heat lamp for hours, and the steam causes condensation to affect the batter.

Although the chances of getting sick from fried buffet food are slim, do you really want to subject yourself to a less-than-stellar texture, especially when you can enjoy something baked or steamed instead?  

12: Breads

Like other high-carb dishes offered, eating a lot of bread from a buffet will fill you up with wasted calories. Buffet managers are strategic about laying out the fare, often placing bread and other carb-heavy dishes at the front of the line. Be aware of this layout and make a wise game plan when tackling the buffet. 

Speaking of a game plan, Marketplace talked to an experienced buffet eater who shared some great tips on how to proceed. Our favorite is not to take breaks. If you do so, your body will have time to realize your stomach is full.

13: Tuna Fish Salad

To this day, my older sister refuses to eat tuna fish salad because she got seriously ill from eating it at a buffet when she was nine years old. She was always a selective eater, so the tuna fish seemed safe, but unfortunately, it wasn’t. 

Nutritionist Rene Ficek explained to The Healthy that tuna has to be kept colder than other types of fish. Leaving it out on a buffet line is risky, as it has a higher chance of growing bacteria that can cause scombroid fish poisoning. Scombroid poisoning, or histamine poisoning, is a syndrome akin to an allergic reaction, with symptoms of tingling and burning around the mouth, nausea, sweating, and vomiting. 

14: Pudding or Custard

Per Pink Floyd, “If you don’t eat your meat, you can’t have any pudding.” But do you really want to eat pudding or custard from a buffet? Often, puddings and custards are prepared with raw or lightly cooked eggs, so you risk exposing yourself to salmonella.

The FDA advises pregnant people and those with compromised immune systems to avoid any dish that might contain raw or undercooked eggs. Additionally, because these desserts are often made with milk and eggs, they should be refrigerated and never left out for more than three hours. I don’t know about you, but I’m not comfortable trusting establishments to adhere to this rule. 

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