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The Best Place to Look for Alien Megastructures Might Be Moon Dust
Our search for technosignatures – clear signs of advanced civilizations beyond Earth – takes many forms. Many are driven by the famous Drake equation, which attempts to estimate how many technological civilizations there are in the Milky Way. However, there’s a big fat question mark at the end of that equation in the form of a variable intended to account for the “longevity” of a civilization. And to be clear, that doesn’t mean how long the civilization itself survives. It simply means how long it actively creates a signature that is detectable by our current technology. A new paper, available in pre-print on arXiv from Oxford astrophysicist Brian C. Lacki, argues that, since the chances of us overlapping in time with any such civilization are miniscule, we’re much more likely to find the ruins of a “dead” civilization – and, surprisingly, the best place to do so might be in our own solar system.
A fundamental part of this argument is driven by Earth’s own history. Up until now, SETI has focused on receiving “passive” signals from beyond the solar system, typically in the form of radio waves. However, even on Earth, our own “window” of sending radio signals into the vastness of space only lasted for around 100 years. We are actively eliminating most wide-broadcast radio signals in an effort to improve our communications infrastructure. So, in other words, even our own civilization isn’t bothering to maintain what minimal intentional broadcasts we were producing 50 years ago.
Instead, the argument goes, it’s better to find “passive” technosignatures, such as relics that require literally no upkeep and can last for billions of years. That would eliminate the need for “constant maintenance” of a radio transmitter or high-powered laser, and would make us much more likely to find the types of civilization that could, at least at one point in time, support that.
Fraser discusses our current search for technosignatures.
So what would such a “passive technosignature” look like in practice? Dr. Lacki breaks them down into three categories – diffusers, occulters, and glinters. From our perspective, occulters would be visible from its unnatural dimming pattern, which would appear similar to a transiting exoplanet, but clearly not the same. Glinters, on the other hand, feature gigantic mirrors that can focus or reflect starlight over thousands of light years, appearing as anomalous “lens flares” near their host star. Diffusers scatter light nearly isotropically, creating a faint signal that might reflect an unusual color or polarization.
Any of these systems is entirely passive, and requires no active role from their creators whatsoever. However, simply building enough of them will indeed require some form of maintenance. A Dyson Swarm is certainly within the capabilities of the types of civilizations being considered in this paper, but maintaining the orbital mechanics of such a swarm does involve active intervention, even though it’d be much less than an active radio transmitter.
Without such support, the components that make up the Dyson swarm would inevitably be drawn together via gravity, eventually colliding and creating what Dr. Lacki calls “technograins”. This destruction could even be accelerated by a “chain reaction” effect similar to Kessler syndrome here in Earth’s orbit, with each additional collision creating yet more debris to create yet more collisions. Do this enough times and even an alien megastructure can be ground down to micron-scale dust.
Fraser talks technosignatures with Dr. Jacob Haqq-Misra
Once small enough, these technograins might gain a trip out of its host solar system by a solar wind that overcomes the star’s gravity holding it back. These motes of dust are then free to roam the galaxy, escaping any long term confinement to their host star. That’s where the other interesting idea from Dr. Lacki’s paper comes in.
Our solar system isn’t stationary in comparison to the galaxy. As it orbits the Milky Way, it routinely sweeps through interstellar material, some of which might be made up of pulverized technosignatures. Even if that material swept into our galaxy billions of years ago, inactive worlds like the Moon could preserve it from that original time all the way down to now. In other words, researchers could screen Moon dust for signatures of extinct megastructures.
Ultimately, what the paper points out is that we don’t need bigger and better space telescopes to continue our search for technosignatures. Instead we might be able to find it by sifting through the regolith on our closest neighbor. And if we do find any, it will bring new meaning to the phrase “dust to dust” – since there will be a completely different form of intelligence handling the dust that came from a completely different civilization.
Learn More:
B. C. Lacki – Dust to Dust: Prospects for Passive Technosignatures as Relics of ETI
UT – Galaxies with High Radio Emissions Could be Home to Many Advanced Civilizations
UT – Breakthrough Listen Releases its one-of-Everything “Exotica” Catalog
UT – The SETI Institute Releases Technosignature Report on 3I/ATLAS
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Amid Knicks celebration, LAPD kills family dog in SoCal
A celebration of the New York Knicks’ NBA championship ended in tragedy for a Canoga Park woman this weekend after police officers fatally shot her dog, sparking public outrage.
A video circulating on social media shows a woman sobbing in the hallway of an apartment complex, hugging her dog, who was wearing a New York Knicks T-shirt, as six L.A. police officers stood by.
“The Knicks just won a championship, we were so happy,” she yells out, petting her dog.
Shortly after, the video shows her yelling out the name Jeremiah. Her family said she was yelling out the name of her son, who was on the phone in a video chat with her when the shooting happened.
The Los Angeles Police Department said in a written statement that the shooting occurred Saturday shortly before 9 p.m. in the 7500 block of Jordan Avenue.
Police said officers responded to a call about a “screaming woman” and were directed to an apartment unit.
“The officers contacted the resident in the apartment unit; while speaking with the resident, a large dog was by her side barking at the officers,” the statement read. “The officers asked her to secure the dog, and the resident closed her door momentarily. She re-opened the door, and the dog exited the apartment.”
LAPD said officers shot the dog when it charged at one of them.
In the video, neighbors can be heard angrily admonishing police officers for killing the dog while the woman, identified as Marie Marseille, held the animal, crying.
Marseille could not immediately be reached for comment.
In a phone interview with The Times, the dog owner’s sister, Vanessa Marseille, said the family was shocked and devastated over the shooting death of the dog, Jameson.
“We just don’t know why it happened,” she said. “What’s more scary is that those shots could have hit her or anyone. It was reckless.”
Marseille said her sister told her that she was closing the door when Jameson got out and was shot multiple times.
“It’s just tragic,” she said.
Marseille said her sister was born and raised in New York and left for California in 2014 for work.
Two years ago, she said, her sister purchased Jameson.
“He was the oldest of seven puppies,” Vanessa said, recalling. “He’s quiet and energetic.”
Vanessa said the dog was always with her sister or nephew.
“Every time on FaceTime with Jeremiah, he’s always walking the dog,” she said. “When he takes my sister to work, Jameson is in the car, wagging his tongue.”
At home, she said, her sister and Jameson had their own routine.
“Before he eats his food, they pray together,” she said. “That was her second son.”
The Los Angeles Police Department said no officers were hurt in the incident, and the Force Investigation Division is investigating the shooting.
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In Alabama, Opposition to Renewable Solar Energy Joins a Data Center Battle
Tuesday’s runoff for a slot on the Alabama Public Service Commission has a familiar ring to it, with talk of data centers and electricity costs. But in a southern twist, solar power has joined the list of villains.
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New Study Assesses Titan’s Resources and their Potential Uses
Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, is a unique environment in our Solar System. It is the only moon (or body beyond Earth) to have a dense, nitrogen-rich atmosphere, and its methane cycle is very similar to Earth’s hydrological cycle, in which solid and liquid methane evaporates to form clouds and returns to the surface as precipitation. In addition, its prebiotic surface environment and rich organic chemistry make it a prime destination for astrobiology missions, such as NASA’s Dragonfly mission (set to launch no earlier than July 2028).
And as Robert Zubrin said in his book, Entering Space: Creating a Spacefaring Civilization, Saturn’s moons could become the “Persian Gulf” of the Solar System, with Titan being a major one because of its rich resource environment. In a recent NASA-supported study, a team of researchers compiled an inventory of Titan’s resources and their potential use by future generations of humans. When comparing this satellite to other destinations (i.e., the Moon and Mars), they conclude that Titan offers several potential benefits for human settlement.
The research was led by Conor A. Nixon, an astronomer and planetary scientist with the Solar System Exploration Division (SSED) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and the Associate Laboratory Chief of their Planetary Systems Laboratory. He was joined by Ye Lu, a Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, and Jennifer E. Ruliffson, a Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Florida. The preprint of their paper has recently appeared online and is under review for publication in *Acta Astronautica*.
Artistic representation of Titan’s abundant resources and their possible uses. Credit: Nixon, C.A. et al (2026)
ISRU is a major aspect in all plans for long-duration missions to the Moon, Mars, and other locations far beyond Earth. To date, the vast majority of studies have focused on leveraging lunar and Martian resources to sustain crewed missions and eventual human settlement. With the exception of a recently proposed Titan ISRU Sample Return (TISR) mission, Titan has received considerably less attention, despite the possibilities this moon offers.
This includes opportunities for ISRU that would enable the construction of long-term habitats on the surface. In addition, they could also lead to Titan becoming a base for resupply missions traveling to and from the outer Solar System. Similarly, Titan could facilitate the exploration of Saturn’s other satellites, particularly the “Ocean Worlds” of Enceladus and Mimas, both of which are also rich in resources. Finally, its resources and products fashioned from them could be exported to other locations in the Solar System.
This includes fuel, feedstock, and basic necessities like food, water, nitrogen fertilizers, oxygen gas, and more. As Nixon told Universe Today via email:
Titan is gushing with hydrocarbons – what we call oil and natural gas on Earth. In the atmosphere, it has about 5% methane (what we call LNG and use in home heating and cooking). On the surface, we can find heavier hydrocarbons, such as propane used in BBQ tanks, butane used in lighters, and heavier liquids like kerosene and gasoline. Besides burning these hydrocarbons, we can also make a lot of products from them: plastics, synthetic rubber, and feedstocks for everything from solvents to pharmaceuticals, and even foods.
The previous study, led by Geoffrey Landis and the Compass Lab team from NASA’s John Glenn Research Center, looked at ISRU at Titan for one purpose: liquifying methane and producing liquid oxygen (LOX) and liquid hydrogen (LH2) from water to create propellant for a sample-return mission. Nixon and his colleagues cast a much wider net, looking further ahead by examining the many possible uses of all of Titan’s resources.
*A rendering of a notional spacecraft powered by nuclear thermal propulsion. Credit: General Atomics*
They also considered how a rich resource base could be used for a wider range of mission profiles. These include missions that need to return to Earth, as well as missions that plan to explore beyond Saturn. To this end, refueling stations on the surface could be accessed by landers from a larger spacecraft that would take on fuel and supplies. Alternately, refueling depots could be built in orbit – similar to what SpaceX is investigating for the Starship – that spacecraft would rendezvous on their way to other destinations.
And as Nixon noted, there’s the possibility of harvesting resources to build long-term settlements on Titan’s surface:
Basically you could envision either ‘refueling’ at Titan (in the manner of the Oleson/Landis study), or using the resources to sustain a more permanent settlement. [And] regarding refueling, it doesn’t just have to be for a return trip to Earth: it could be refueling a ship just arrived from the inner Solar System to go further out, say to Uranus or Neptune, or to explore the Saturnian moons. Or it could just be refueling a regular shuttle that traverses around the Saturn system between colonies on different moons.
Also, we can widen the definition from just ‘fuel’ to resources for a wide variety of purposes. So let’s imagine a permanent station on Titan that refines hydrocarbons and stores them as a variety of feedstocks and raw materials: everything from printer ink to fertilizer. Then, when a visiting ship comes to ‘refuel,’ it is restocking not just fuel but raw ingredients for food, perhaps for 3D printers used to make spare parts, textiles, utensils, and more.
There’s also the large volume of water on Titan, which accounts for 50% of its mass (the rest being rocky material in its core) and exists in both solid and liquid states. The liquid portion exists largely beneath the surface, where ammonia and salinity (two natural antifreeze compounds) maintain its liquid state. Water also exists in abundance as surface ice, which could be harvested and used to provide everything from drinking water to hydrogen fuel, oxygen gas, and (as noted) to manufacture LOX/LH2 propellant.
*This mosaic of Saturn’s moon Enceladus was created with images captured by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute*
After considering Titan’s resource base and the opportunities for resupply, settlement, and exploration, Nixon and his colleagues compared Titan with the Moon, Mars, and several NEAs. They determined that while Titan is much more distant and would require nuclear propulsion to enable transits, its potential is unrivaled. “There is simply no other world (that we know of) like Titan,” said Nixon. “Titan is unique in multiple respects: it’s the only moon with an atmosphere, and it’s the only planet/moon other than Earth to have hydrocarbons available in the atmosphere and on the surface.”
While the idea of crewed missions to Titan, or the settlement of this and other Cronian moons, is a far-off prospect, the potential is obvious. By establishing infrastructure and outposts in and around Saturn’s moons, humanity would have access to a huge resource base. Beyond Titan, Saturn’s atmosphere contains massive reserves of the rare isotope helium-3 (³He), considered the ideal fuel for fusion reactors and fusion propulsion. With so much water, hydrocarbons, and precious gases available, Saturn could very well become the “Persian Gulf” of the Solar System.
But as Nixon indicated, the benefits go far beyond refueling and include the means to build a manufacturing base capable of meeting all the needs of a human population. With the abundant plastics, feedstock for 3-D printers, fuel, and food that could be produced in-situ, a human settlement on Titan could endure for generations. It may be a far-off possibility, but it’s good to know that it’s there and could be fulfilled someday as part of humanity becoming an interplanetary civilization.
Further Reading: arXiv
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